![]() For the advanced student the criticism and editing of texts offers an unrivalled philological training and a uniquely instructive avenue to the history of scholarship it is broadly true that all advances in philology have been made in connection with the problems of editing texts. Written texts supply the main foundation for these disciplines, and some knowledge of the processes of their transmission is necessary for understanding and control of the scholar’s basic materials. Texts have been transmitted in an almost limitless variety of ways, and the criteria employed by the textual critic-technical, philological, literary, or aesthetic-are valid only if applied in awareness of the particular set of historical circumstances governing each case.Īn acquaintance with the history of texts and the principles of textual criticism is indispensable for the student of history, literature, or philosophy. The methods of textual criticism, insofar as they are not codified common sense, are the methods of historical inquiry. In practice the operations of textual and “higher” criticism cannot be rigidly differentiated: at the very outset of his work a critic, faced with variant forms of a text, inevitably employs stylistic and other criteria belonging to the “higher” branch. Eichhorn the first use of the term “textual criticism” in English dates from the middle of the 19th century. This distinction between the lower and the higher branches of criticism was first made explicitly by the German biblical scholar J.G. Textual criticism, properly speaking, is an ancillary academic discipline designed to lay the foundations for the so-called higher criticism, which deals with questions of authenticity and attribution, of interpretation, and of literary and historical evaluation. The study of formal documents such as deeds and charters belongs to the science known as “diplomatics” the study of writings on stone is part of epigraphy while inscriptions on coins and seals are the province of numismatics and sigillography. Texts in this connection are defined as writings other than formal documents, inscribed or printed on paper, parchment, papyrus, or similar materials. Textual criticism, the technique of restoring texts as nearly as possible to their original form. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. ![]()
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